- US Navy scientists have developed a see-through armour made from spinel
- 美国海军科学家研制出一种尖晶石制成的透明盔甲
- Spinel is a mineral made from magnesium aluminate that occurs naturally
- 尖晶石是一种由镁铝酸盐自然形成的矿物
- Researchers say it is tougher and lighter than current bulletproof glass
- 研究人员说，它比现在的防弹玻璃更坚硬、更轻
- It could be used to protect military vehicles but could find uses on spacecraft, satellites, cameras and even on smartphones and watches
- 它可以用来保护军用车辆，但也可以用在航天器、卫星、照相机甚至智能手机和手表上
A transparent metallic'clay'has been developed by US military scientists that could lead to new super-tough screens and displays.
美国军事科学家研制出一种透明的金属"粘土"，可能会制造出新的超硬屏幕和显示器。
The material,made from a magnesium and aluminium-based mineral called spinel,is far tougher and lighter than bulletproof glass.
这种材料由镁和铝基矿物质尖晶石制成，比防弹玻璃更坚硬、更轻。
And the researchers claim it could be used to protect vehicles and cockpits on aircraft as well as in spacecraft and satellites.
研究人员声称，它可以用来保护飞机上的交通工具和驾驶舱，以及航天器和卫星。
A transparent metallic'clay'has been developed by US military scientists that could lead to new super tough screens and displays.The material,made from a magnesium and aluminium-based mineral called spinel,is far tougher and lighter than bulletproof glass and can be modelled into different shapes(dome pictured)
美国军事科学家研制出一种透明的金属粘土，可能会制造出新的超级坚固的屏幕和显示器。这种材料由镁和铝基矿物质尖晶石制成，比防弹玻璃更坚硬、更轻，可以模拟成不同的形状(如圆顶)
Some have compared the material to the transparent aluminium used to create the windows on the spaceships in the hit TV series Star Trek.
一些人将这种材料与热门电视剧《星际迷航》中用于制造飞船窗户的透明铝相比较。
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But the scientists claim it could also be used to create scratchproof lenses for cameras and smartphones whose screens that do not smash when dropped.
但是科学家们声称，它也可以用来为相机和智能手机制造防刮擦镜头，这些相机和智能手机的屏幕掉下来时不会粉碎。
They say the transparent armour could additionally find uses in military lasers and infrared equipment.
他们说，这种透明盔甲还可用于军用激光和红外设备。
The material,which has taken more than ten years to develop,is created by pressing a nanopowder together while heating it to create a pure piece of spinel crystal.
这种材料经过十多年的发展，是通过压制纳米粉末，同时加热制成纯尖晶石晶体而得到的。
This can then be modelled,in a similar way to traditional clay.
这样就可以用类似于传统粘土的方法来制作模型。
Dr Jas Sanghera,who led the research at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington,said the material performed far better than bulletproof glass,which works by creating layers of plastic and glass up to five inches thick that slow the passage of a bullet.
在华盛顿的美国海军研究实验室领导这项研究的 Jas Sanghera 博士说，这种材料的性能远远好于防弹玻璃，后者通过制造5英寸厚的塑料层和玻璃层来减缓子弹的通过。
He said:'If you replaced that with spinel,you'd reduce the weight by a factor of two or more.'
他说:"如果把它换成尖晶石，重量会减少两倍或更多。"
The crystal structure of glass means that once a crack forms on the surface,it passes all the way through,and as a result bulletproof glass can become impossible to see through.
玻璃的晶体结构意味着一旦表面形成裂纹，它就会穿过所有的路，因此防弹玻璃就不可能被看穿。
Instead,windows made from spinel would not suffer the same problem.
相反，用尖晶石制成的窗户不会遇到同样的问题。
Dr Sanghera said:'It's like navigating through the asteroid belt,you create a tortuous path.
桑赫拉博士说:这就像是在小行星带中航行，你创造了一条曲折的路径。
'If I have all these crystals packed together,the crack gets deflected at the hard crystals.You dissipate the crack energy.'
如果我把所有这些晶体打包在一起，裂纹就会在坚硬的晶体处偏转。你驱散了裂缝能量
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The material,which has taken more than ten years to develop,is created by pressing a nanopowder together while heating it to create a pure piece of spinel crystal.The researchers said spinel(above)can be used to replace bullet proof glass as it is tougher and lighter weight
这种材料经过十多年的发展，是通过压制纳米粉末，同时加热制成纯尖晶石晶体而得到的。研究人员说尖晶石(上图)可以用来代替防弹玻璃，因为它更坚固，更轻
Although spinel occurs naturally,the researchers have found they can synthesis it artificially into a powder,like above,that can then be heated and pressed into a variety of shapes,like the optical disks shown above
虽然尖晶石是自然形成的，但研究人员发现他们可以人工合成一种粉末，如上图所示，然后加热并压成各种形状，如上图所示的光盘
Spinel windows and lenses could also be used to protect sensitive equipment like this infrared military camera.It could also be used to create new watch faces and phones that are truly resistant to smashing
尖晶石窗户和镜头也可以用来保护像这个红外军用相机这样的敏感设备。它也可以用来创造新的表面和手机，真正防止粉碎
He added that spinal windows could help to protect satellites and spacecraft visiting harsh environments on other planets.
他补充说，脊柱窗户可以帮助保护卫星和飞船访问其他行星上的恶劣环境。
'You could leave these out there for longer periods of time,go into environments that are harsher than what they're encountering now,and enable more capabilities.'
你可以把这些东西放在那里更长的时间，进入比他们现在遇到的环境更加恶劣的环境，然后启用更多的功能
He added that it could also be used to create new watch faces and smartphones that are truly resistant to smashing.
他补充说，它还可以用来创造新的手表面孔和智能手机，真正防止粉碎。
Spinel,which is also known as magnesium aluminate,can be found naturally occurring as a gemstone,such as the Black Prince's Ruby,which is a coloured piece of spinel.
尖晶石，也被称为镁铝酸盐，可以发现自然形成的宝石，如黑王子的红宝石，这是一块有颜色的尖晶石。
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The crystal structure of glass means that once a crack forms on the surface,it passes all the way through,and as a result bulletproof glass can become impossible to see through.Instead,windows made from spinel would not suffer the same problem.Spinel(above)is completely transparent to light,even to infrared light
玻璃的晶体结构意味着一旦表面形成裂纹，它就会穿过所有的路，因此防弹玻璃就不可能被看穿。相反，用尖晶石制成的窗户不会遇到同样的问题。尖晶石(上图)对光完全透明，甚至对红外光也是如此
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The team behind the new material(shown above)have spent nearly a decade developing the techniques
这种新材料背后的团队(如上图所示)已经花了将近十年的时间来开发这种技术
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Researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory have synthesised their own ultra-pure spinel powder which they can form into sheets of crystal using a process called'sintering'in a hot press(pictured)
美国海军研究实验室的研究人员已经合成了他们自己的超纯尖晶石粉末，他们可以利用一种叫做"烧结"的过程在热压机中形成晶片(如图所示)
However,researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory have synthesised their own ultra-pure spinel powder which they can form into sheets of crystal using a process called'sintering'in a hot press.
然而，美国海军研究实验室的研究人员已经合成了他们自己的超纯尖晶石粉末，他们可以使用一种叫做"烧结"的过程在热压机中形成晶片。
The material has also been found to be optically very pure and so it can be used to create lenses for sensitive infrared cameras and lasers.
这种材料还被发现在光学上非常纯净，因此它可以用来制造敏感的红外照相机和激光器的镜头。
Dr Sanghera said:'Lasers can be thought of as a box comprised of optics.There's passive and there's active components:passive is just a protective window;active is where we change the colour of light coming out the other end.
桑赫拉博士说:可以把激光想象成一个由光学元件组成的盒子。有被动式，也有主动式:被动式只是一个保护窗口;主动式是我们改变从另一端射出的光的颜色。
'That(passive)window,if it's got any impurities or junk,it can absorb that laser light.When it absorbs,things heat up.'
"那个(被动式)窗户，如果有任何杂质或垃圾，它可以吸收那束激光。当它被吸收时，物体就会升温
来源：https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3062461/Your-smartphone-screen-BULLETPROOF-Scientists-create-glass-metal.html?fbclid=IwAR0PQ5YbaXLRAa4x8T1r2gC3ipOlWyritO1SHqCig60LumB0knHZvfK3PQU
