Fifty years ago,NASA published a catalog of lunar phenomena based on the observations of early astronomers dating back to the 15th century.Even after vetting the reports and qualifying their accuracy with secondary sources,NASA found records of bizarre sightings on the dark side of the moon,including flickering spots,bright flashes,and moving lights.What could account for these strange observations?
50年前，美国国家航空航天局根据15世纪早期天文学家的观测结果，发表了一份月球现象目录。即使在审查了这些报告并通过第二手资料确认其准确性之后，美国宇航局还是发现了关于月球暗面的奇异目击记录，包括闪烁的斑点、明亮的闪光和移动的灯光。是什么造成了这些奇怪的现象呢？
It's debatable who first conceived of the telescope,though it's widely accepted that it was first invented at the start of the 1600s.
谁第一个构想出望远镜是有争议的，尽管人们普遍认为它最早是在17世纪初发明的。
And while the first models were rudimentary,three-lens spyglasses,the technology quickly progressed over the following decades thanks to the work of Galileo and Kepler.
虽然第一批模型只是初级的三透镜望远镜，但由于伽利略和开普勒的工作，这项技术在接下来的几十年里迅速发展起来。
By adding a combination of convex lenses,the two were able to drastically increase the magnification capability of early telescopes,allowing observation of the cosmos like never before.
通过添加凸透镜的组合，这两个望远镜能够大幅提高早期望远镜的放大能力，使得以前从未有过的方式观测宇宙。
It's also evident from his notes that Galileo was able to view Jupiter's moons,meaning he must have had a pretty clear view of our lunar surface.
从他的笔记中也可以明显看出，伽利略能够看到木星的卫星，这意味着他一定对我们的月球表面有相当清晰的看法。
Reading through the NASA archive,notices odd entries in the 1600s beginning with a"bright starlike point,"recorded by several New Englanders observing the dark side of the moon.
通过阅读美国宇航局的档案，注意到奇怪的条目在17世纪开始一个"明亮的星状点"，记录了几个新英格兰人观察月球的黑暗面。
Nearly a century later,Bianchini reports a"track of ruddy light,like a beam,crossing the middle of the obscure(shadowed)area(crater in darkness),"while observing the Plato crater in the Monte Alpes mountain range.
差不多一个世纪之后，卞齐尼在观察 Monte Alpes 山脉中的柏拉图陨石坑时报告说，"一条红光的轨迹，就像一道光束，穿过了阴暗的区域(黑暗中的陨石坑)"。
Another report cites"Four bright spots.Peculiar behavior of terminator"(the terminator is where the dark side of the moon meets the bright side).
另一份报告提到"四个亮点。"明暗界限的奇特行为"(明暗界限是月亮的阴暗面与明亮面的交界处)。
Nearing the 1800s,Piazzi reports"Bright spots on dark side,seen during five different lunations."And in 1821,Gruithuisen says he saw"brilliant flashing spots,"on the dark side.
在接近19世纪的时候，皮亚齐写道:"黑暗面的亮点，在五次不同的午宴上都可以看到。"在1821年，格瑞瑟森说他在黑暗的一面看到了"明亮的闪光点"。
Some explain these strange lights as the product of solar flares or coronal mass ejections,which produce sparks in the shadowy regions of the lunar surface.These sparks are said to be as impactful as a meteorite strike,allegedly creating the observed flashes.
一些人将这些奇怪的光线解释为太阳耀斑或日冕物质抛射的产物，这些物质在月球表面的阴影区域产生火花。据说这些火花和陨石撞击一样有影响力，据说它们产生了所观察到的闪光。
But in the records there appear to be certain areas with recurring illuminations,particularly around the Aristarchus crater.
但在记录中，似乎有某些地区反复出现照明，特别是在阿里斯塔克斯陨石坑周围。
"Blinking lights"on the dark side,a"mingling of all kinds of colors in small spots,"and a"starlike light"persist over hundreds of years,even during eclipses.
黑暗面上的"闪烁的光"、"各种颜色在小点上的混合"和"星状的光"持续了数百年，甚至在日食期间也是如此。
NASA makes brief mention of these dark side observations,saying they appear frequently in earlier observations,and writing them off as a lack of light gathering power from telescopes of the time.
美国宇航局对这些黑暗面的观测做了简短的提及，说它们经常出现在早期的观测中，并把它们描述为缺乏当时望远镜的聚光能力。
But telescopes became more sophisticated over those centuries,especially during the 19th century when lenses were increasingly larger and more refined.By this period,astronomy was far enough advanced that dismissing these observations as primitive would be insulting.
但是在这几个世纪里，望远镜变得越来越精密，尤其是在19世纪，透镜变得越来越大，越来越精密。到了这个时期，天文学已经发展得足够先进，把这些观测视为原始是一种侮辱。
And the strange lights observed around Aristarchus are continually observed in varying colors,even by NASA's own observations from astronomers at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
在阿里斯塔克斯周围观察到的奇怪光芒不断以不同的颜色出现，甚至是通过美国宇航局在戈达德太空飞行中心的天文学家自己的观察。
Explanations for these colored bands of light vary from high albedo–a measure of reflectivity of a surface–to a seepage of radioactive gas.
对这些彩色光带的解释从高反射率——表面反射率的测量——到放射性气体的渗透。
But for those wary of NASA's endless supply of inadequate justifications,these observations add to a growing list of strange phenomena and apparent obfuscation of what may really be there.Should we continue to believe NASA's mundane explanations?
但是对于那些担心美国国家航空航天局没完没了地提供不充分的理由的人来说，这些观测增加了一个不断增长的奇怪现象的列表，以及对可能真实存在的东西的。我们应该继续相信美国国家航空航天局的解释吗？
»Source
来源：
https://eraoflight.com/2020/03/07/15th-century-astronomers-saw-activity-lights-on-moons-dark-side/
